Chemical Profile, Bioactivity, and Biosafety Evaluations of Essential Oils and Main Terpenes of Two Plant Species against Trogoderma granarium

In order to search for bio-rational and eco-friendly pest control agents protect crops from insect infestation, while avoiding the toxic hazards of chemical pesticides, essential oils (EOs) were hydrodistilled Juniperus procera Thymus vulgaris analyzed using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID), chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Eugenol (71.3%), β-caryophyllene (11.8%), α-pinene (6.1%) isolated as major components J. EO, whereas thymol (58.1%), p-cymen (10.3%), carvacrol (8.3%) main terpenes in T. EO. The EOs exhibited considerable bioactivity against khapra beetle contact fumigation bioassays, where EO was superior bioactivity. Among tested, eugenol superior. Regarding toxicity impregnated filter paper after 24 h exposure, LC50 values ranged between 21.4 77.0 µL/cm2 larvae 16.1 69.6 adults. After 48 h, these decreased remarkably. Upon 23.0 65.3 µL/L larvae, 14.2 56.4 botanicals effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity larvae; however, they safe earthworm E. fetida did not alter viability wheat grains. There is a potential granarium. However, further investigations are needed confirm safety phytochemicals before use grain protectants on commercial scale.